In this article, we will look at several filmmaking techniques that were used in silent horror films. As well as how their influences can be seen in the modern horror landscape.

Jump Scares

Yes, even without sound some early horror films do feature proto-jump scares by having long build-ups to sudden cuts to images intended to scare audiences. Think of Orlok’s appearance outside the door (Nosferatu (1922)) and the Phantom’s facial reveal (The Phantom of the Opera (1925)). These scenes formed the beginning of a genre staple.

The introduction of startling loud sound stings to accompany the scare (Cat People (1942)) greatly added to the technique’s impact. Many modern horror audiences claim a dislike for jump scares, however, they can still be effective. With the best ones relying on building suspense and anticipation rather than using a loud noise for cheap shocks. Just like the old silent horrors.

Uncommon Shots

There was a lot of experimentation with how early films were shot. Some horror films used drawn-out wide shots to allow audiences to see everything in a film’s world (The Cabinet of Dr Caligari (1920). Other films used shots to place us in a character’s perspective or to break a scene’s standard framing (Nosferatu).

These techniques are now common in modern horror. Elongated shots help to build up tension. POV shots (among others) place us in a character’s perspective and build empathy or distrust. And the experimentation with shot types is done to promote a sense of unease. Additionally, the deployment of more mobile camera movement has enabled modern filmmakers more freedom to create shots that surprise audiences.

Shadows

Shadows have always been a great horror visual as they represent fear of the unknown. Thus they were a perfect tool for silent horror’s visual language. One of cinema’s most famous images is Count Orlok’s shadow ascending the stairs. Through the simple use of lighting to lengthen Max Schreck’s shadow Nosferatu makes Orlock into a horrifying unknown presence.

Shadows continue to be effectively used today. Whether it be indicating the imposing nature of villains like the Tethered or encouraging audience paranoia (The Woman in Black). But the advance in effects work also means shadows can be transformed in more ways than ever. Thereby allowing the cinematic fear of the unknown to be pushed even further.

Metaphorical Sets

German Expressionism was a huge part of early horror cinema. Among other things, it focused on creating art that externalised the anxiety permeating post-WWI Germany. Leading to set design that felt exaggerated, warped and unreal. Which helped to make viewers uncomfortable and allowed the more fantastical narrative elements of films like Cabinet of Dr Caligari and The Golem (1920) to feel less out of place.

Although many horror films now aim to capture a more realistic atmosphere the expressionist era still taught the genre that displaying internal emotions through the use of sets can greatly impact audience reaction. Think the expansive well-dressed sets of Hereditary invoking a doll’s house. Or Maud’s creepy, enclosed and dark apartment in Saint Maud.

Mixing Styles

Finally, silent horror also began blending stylistic devices to add a feeling of realism to their narratives with Haxan (1922). This film blended dramatised scenes with documentary techniques such as providing factual statements on title cards and showcasing historical artifacts in the manner of a lecture. Making the film’s subsequent dramatic parts feel like a dramatisation of factual material rather than a horror film.

Nowadays horror films utilise many other factual presentation techniques to make them appear more realistic. Such as using documentary footage (Dawn of the Dead (2004)), disclaimers/facts to invoke real people/events (The Conjuring and Tigers Are Not Afraid) and the employment of cinematography and performances meant to evoke news footage (found footage films). Techniques all stemming from Haxan’s inspiration.

Those are just some ways silent horror techniques have influenced the modern horror landscape. So if you think silent horror can never capture the scariness of modern films remember that silent horror helped pioneer many ideas modern horror films use to frighten us.

Also Read: Horrors On Horror Sets

The post How Silent Films Influence Modern Horror appeared first on Big Picture Film Club.

Horror cinema has many iconic villains and today we’ll be counting down 10 of the greatest merchants of menace. I will choose a single villain from each decade, look at a bit of the villain’s background and how they managed to traumatize audiences who watched their films. So, let’s get spooky.

1920s: Count Orlok – Nosferatu (1922)

Originally made as a Dracula stand-in, Count Orlok has become a great villain in his own right. With actor Max Schreck’s towering frame, creeping shadow, sharp teeth, and keen unblinking eyes Orlok has become an instantly recognizable cinematic predator that has lasted almost a century. Not even Stoker’s estate could prevent him from becoming a cinematic nightmare.

1930s: Frankenstein’s Monster – Frankenstein (1931)

The archetypal mad scientist creation. The monster isn’t necessarily evil but because of continual abuse and a lack of moral guidance, he begins violently lashing out at the world. Frankenstein’s Monster has a legendary look courtesy of makeup artist Jack Pierce. And thanks to Boris Karloff’s animalistic performance, which makes the character threatening and sympathetic, Frankenstein’s Monster has been cemented as one of horror’s most tragic monsters.

1940s: The Wolf Man – The Wolf Man (1941)

Like Frankenstein’s Monster, the Wolf Man garners great sympathy because of host Larry Talbot’s (Lon Chaney Jr’s) inability to control the monster within him. But unlike Frankenstein the Wolf Man is vicious. Murdering innocent people and leaving Larry to deal with the consequences. With Jack Pierce’s brilliant makeup making the monster the midpoint between man and beast, the Wolf Man is an iconic example of the darkness in all men.

1950s: Godzilla – Godzilla Series

Cinema’s biggest monster. Starring in 35 films since 1954 Godzilla is a Japanese icon. He’s a prehistoric monster awakened by hydrogen bomb testing and was created as a symbol for the destructive powers of the atomic age, though lately, he has become a metaphor for nature striking back at humanity. He’s the embodiment of destruction and for 66 years he’s shown that for all our advances annihilation is never far away.

1960s: Norman Bates – Psycho (1960)

The grandfather of all slasher villains. While seemingly normal, Norman hides another personality that forces him to kill anyone who threatens the illusion that his mother is still alive. Thanks to Anthony Perkins’ understated performance and Alfred Hitchcock’s direction Norman Bates (based on murderer Ed Gein) terrified audiences by showing that even the quiet good-looking boy next door could turn out to be a murderer.

1970s: The Caller – Black Christmas (1974)

Black Christmas‘ sorority house killer remains perhaps horror’s most terrifying villain. Because nothing about him is explained. His victims are random. The only insights we get into him are his disjointed, threatening ramblings. And his appearance, voice; name remain a mystery. Inspired by the urban legend of “the babysitter and the man upstairs” the Caller embodies the fear that you’re never safe. Even in your own home.

1980s: Freddy Krueger – The Nightmare on Elm Street Series

The burnt, razor glove wielding, Christmas sweater and fedora sporting dream killer has been scaring viewers since his 1984 debut. Inspired by stories about young people suddenly dying in their sleep and brought to life in skin-crawling fashion by Robert Englund, Krueger takes sadistic pleasure in twisting his victim’s dreams into nightmares. And the sheer glee he takes in his cruelty is what makes him cinema’s most iconic bogeyman.

1990s: Candyman – Candyman Series

Originally, Daniel Robitaille, Candyman became a vengeful spirit after he was killed over a 19th-century interracial love affair. His hand was mutilated, his body smothered in honey and he was stung to death by bees. Now he kills anyone who dares say his name five times in a mirror. With his imposing figure, hooked hand and Tony Todd’s intimidating voice, Candyman is a true terror titan.

2000s: Jigsaw – Saw Series

Jigsaw is the horror villain of the 2000s. Embodying post 9/11 anxieties about the morality of torture Jigsaw, aka John Cramer managed to carve out a gruesome legacy for himself. His use of ironic traps to reform/eradicate those who he believes don’t appreciate life, Tobin Bell’s commanding voice and his animatronic mascot made him the face of torture horror. And his legacy has continued through multiple accomplices and successors.

2010s: It/Pennywise – It (2017)

Stephen King’s iconic horror creation made a huge impact with Its 2017 reimagining. The creature that haunts Derry, Maine can change into many forms that will give anyone nightmares. His most recognizable form is Pennywise The Dancing Clown (Bill Skarsgard) whose smile hides a desire to devour children. It exploits our fear of the unknown and attacks the sanctity of childhood innocence all at once. Making It the perfect modern horror villain.

So ends my list of horrors 10 best villains. Which horror villains did I miss? Let me know in the comments.

Also Read: 7 Reasons Characters Die In Horror Films

The post The Greatest Horror Villain of Each Decade appeared first on Big Picture Film Club.